Co-founder
Assoc. Prof. Dr.Merve Ayşegül KULULAR IBRAHEM
Hacettepe University Faculty of Law, Information and Technology Law
Works at the intersection of AI ethics, data protection and technology law.
Academic staff member in the Department of Information and Technology Law at Hacettepe University Faculty of Law. She ranked 195th nationally in Turkey's university entrance examination and completed her law degree at TOBB University of Economics and Technology with high honours.
She holds a master's degree in Computer and Communications Law from Queen Mary University of London in the United Kingdom, and completed her PhD at the Social Sciences University of Ankara.
Over the course of her academic career she has carried out teaching, research and academic work in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Japan and Malaysia. In 2020 she was a visiting research fellow at the Murdoch University Faculty of Law in Australia, and at Queen's University Faculty of Law in Canada she carried out postdoctoral research on fintech, regtech, crypto-assets and AI-based robo-advisers within information technology law.
Her specialisms include AI and ethics, AI governance, personal data protection, digital platforms, technology law and the legal fit of new-generation technologies. She has served on international projects as an AI and Ethics Advisor and a GDPR Data Protection Consultant, contributing to the development of ethical AI frameworks, regulatory compliance strategies and data-protection governance structures.
She has taken part in symposia, training programmes, conferences and public-interest broadcasting on artificial intelligence, personal data protection, blockchain, social media, space law and information technology law, including joint academic activity with Turkey's Radio and Television Supreme Council, the Personal Data Protection Authority and the Information and Communication Technologies Authority.
With a continuing focus on protecting individual rights in the digital environment, she brings academic knowledge together with practical experience and continues her work on technology and innovation.
Areas of work
- AI and ethics
- AI governance
- Personal data protection
- Digital platforms
- Technology law
- Fintech and regtech
- Space law
- Patent law
- E-commerce
Books
14 books and book chapters.
Legal and Compliance Risks of AI and Blockchain Technologies
Springer Nature Singapore
Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Springer, Singapore
Protection of Privacy Against IT
Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
The Right to be Forgotten for Protection of Personal Data and Privacy on the Internet
Peter Lang Verlag
Protection of Personal Rights in Healthcare Sector: The Right to Make Choices and the Right to Privacy
Peter Lang Verlag
İnternet Hukukunda Dezenformasyonla Mücadele
Combating Disinformation in Internet Law
On İki Levha Yayıncılık
Bilişim ve Sosyal Medya Hukuku
Information Technology and Social Media Law
Yetkin Yayınları
Robo Danışmanların Hukuken Değerlendirilmesi
A Legal Assessment of Robo-Advisers
Adalet Yayınevi
Kripto Paralar Kullanılarak İşlenen Suçlar ile Bilişim Sistemleri Kullanılarak İşlenen Sermaye Piyasası Suçları
Offences Committed Using Cryptocurrencies and Capital Market Offences Committed Through Information Systems
Adalet Yayınevi
Sosyal Medya Hukuku ve Yalan Haber
Social Media Law and Fake News
Adalet Yayınevi
Güncel Gelişmeler Işığında Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Hukuku
Personal Data Protection Law in the Light of Current Developments
Adalet Yayınevi
Modern Teknolojinin Hukuki Temelleri: Telgraf Örneği
The Legal Foundations of Modern Technology: The Telegraph
Adalet Yayınevi
Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Negatif Yönü: Hukuki Açıdan Planlı Eskitme
The Negative Side of Technological Development: Planned Obsolescence in Law
Adalet Yayınevi
Yapay Zeka Hukuku (Kamu)
Artificial Intelligence Law (Public Law)
Adalet Yayınevi
Peer-reviewed articles
- 2025İnternet Alan Adı (Domain) Uyuşmazlık Çözümü: Avustralya ve Hollanda RegülasyonlarıDomain Name Dispute Resolution: The Australian and Dutch Regulationsİnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2025Dış Uzayda Gerçekleştirilen Siber Saldırıların Hukuken DeğerlendirilmesiA Legal Assessment of Cyberattacks Carried Out in Outer SpaceErzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2025Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Uzaktan Sunumu Kapsamında Online Platformların Hukuken DeğerlendirilmesiA Legal Assessment of Online Platforms within the Scope of Remote Delivery of Health ServicesHacettepe Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2024Büyük Veri ve Mobil Uygulamalarda İşlenen Kişisel Verilerin (Sağlık Verileri) Hukuka Uygunluk SorunuThe Lawfulness Problem of Personal Data (Health Data) Processed in Big Data and Mobile ApplicationsAdalet Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2023Sosyal Medya ve Unutulma Hakkı: Meta Threads ÖrneğiSocial Media and the Right to be Forgotten: The Meta Threads CaseASBÜ Bilişim Hukuku Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2023ChatGPT Gibi Sohbet Yazılımlarının Neden Olduğu Hukuka Aykırılıkların ÖnlenmesiPreventing Unlawfulness Caused by Chatbots such as ChatGPTASBU Law Journal · TRDizin
- 2023Kripto Paranın Amerika Gelir İdaresinin 2014-21 Sayılı Kılavuzu ve 2019-24 Sayılı Gelir Yönetmeliği Bağlamında VergilendirilmesiTaxation of Cryptocurrency under IRS Notice 2014-21 and Revenue Ruling 2019-24Sakarya Hukuk Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2023Hesaplamalı HukukComputational LawNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2022Metaverse Avatarlarının Telif HakkıCopyright in Metaverse AvatarsASBU Law Journal · TRDizin
- 2022Sosyal Medyaya Yönelik Yeni Düzenlemelerin Hukuken DeğerlendirilmesiA Legal Assessment of the New Regulations on Social MediaASBÜ Bilişim Hukuku Dergisi · TRDizin
- 20226112 Sayılı Kanun Kapsamında İsteğe Bağlı Yayınların İnternet Ortamından Sunumunda Çocukların KorunmasıProtection of Children in On-Demand Media Delivered over the Internet under Law No. 6112Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2021Psikolojik Planlı Eskitme ve Covid 19 Pandemisinde DurumPsychological Planned Obsolescence and the Situation during the Covid-19 PandemicTürkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2019Right to Development and Emotional Exhaustion: The Case of Healthcare Institutions in TurkeyUUM Journal of Legal Studies · Scopus
- 2019Rıza, Üstün Nitelikte Özel ve Kamusal Yarar Bağlamında Hukuka Uygunluk NedenleriGrounds of Lawfulness in the Context of Consent and Overriding Private and Public InterestSüleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi · TRDizin
- 2019Markanın Alan Adı Olarak Kullanılması: Türkiye, ABD ve Avustralya ÖrnekleriUse of a Trade Mark as a Domain Name: Turkey, the US and AustraliaASBÜ Bilişim Hukuku Dergisi · Peer-reviewed journal
- 2018İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Hakkı ve KavramıThe Right to Occupational Health and Safety and Its ConceptThe Journal of Social Sciences · Peer-reviewed journal
- 2018Bina ve Diğer Eser Maliklerinin SorumluluğuLiability of Owners of Buildings and Other StructuresThe Journal of Social Sciences · Peer-reviewed journal
- 2018Osmanlı Telgraf MühendisleriOttoman Telegraph EngineersJournal of Turkish Studies · TRDizin